Understand the basic tenets of Daoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism; examine the impact of these belief systems on Asian cultures and societies; compare the historical origins and central ideas of major religious and philosophical traditions.

Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism all originated in Asia. Established in India by Siddartha Gautama (the Buddha), Buddhism teaches that suffering can be alleviated through detachment from worldly desires and adherence to an eight-fold path of behavior; only then can perfect contentment, or nirvana, be attained. Daoism, thought to be founded by Laozi in China, also advocates suppression of material desires and an appreciation for nature. However, achieving peace and harmony is possible by accepting the flow of the Dao, or way of the universe. Unlike Daoism, which rejects man-made rules and structure, Confucianism has no belief in a higher power or deity, instead emphasizing the concept of filial piety and social order as keys to harmony and peace. These three belief systems have influenced many aspects of life in Asia.

• CA  Historical Interpretation: 1
• TX  113.33(6): c; 113.33(19): a
• FL  SS.A.3.4: 4
• NCSS  V(HS): e, f

1 class period

• Activity Sheet, Laozi, Confucius, and the Buddha
• Graphic Organizer, 3-Column Table
• Performance Rubric

Students have the opportunity to write a Research Report (see Extension below).

How have the teachings of Laozi, Confucius, and the Buddha influenced East Asian social and cultural life?

Point of View Students will participate in a panel discussion in which they assume the roles of Laozi, Confucius, the Buddha, or their followers to discuss the similarities and differences of their respective belief systems. Group members will research the principles, practices, and cultural impact of Daoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism.

Have students research the topic using the provided links. Encourage them to use the suggested graphic organizer as they read the articles.

The Great Buddha of Kamakura, located in Japan.

To start students thinking about the impact of Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism on Asian societies, have them examine the photograph.

Key questions students should answer are:

• This statue survived a massive tidal wave that swept away surrounding buildings. What affect do you think its survival might have had on the faith of Buddhists?
• What does the pose of the statue suggest about the qualities emphasized in Buddhist teachings?

Distribute the Student Activity sheet. Divide the class into three groups: Confucius and his followers, Laozi and his followers, and the Buddha and his followers. Tell students that each group should decide which member will assume the role of the assigned spiritual leader. Tell students that they will read articles to research answers to the following questions.

• Should a child obey their parents, no matter the situation? Why?
• How should a person attain fulfillment and happiness in life?
• Are material possessions helpful in reaching personal fulfillment? Why?
• Are strict rules and a set social hierarchy necessary in a peaceful and harmonious society?
• Does modern American society fall short of your beliefs? How?
• With which of your fellow spiritual leaders do you most agree? Disagree? Why?

Explain to students that you will moderate a panel discussion in which members of each group present the beliefs of their assigned spiritual tradition. You may wish to pose each question to the panel in order to structure the discussion.

Use the Performance Rubric to assess students’ performance.

Have students reflect on their performance and use the list of expectations to judge how well they met the criteria.

Ask students: Which belief system influenced the most aspects of daily life in China and Japan?

Expository Writing Have students use Daily Life through History to research and write about the influence of religious and spiritual beliefs on cultures in Europe or Africa.

Critical Thinking: ANALYZE