The Civil War, which began in 1861, can perhaps be defined by a few important battles. Fueled by the struggle over state’s rights, slavery, economics, and governance of unassigned territory, Confederate and Union armies faced off at Manassas (Bull Run), Antietam, and Gettysburg. During these and other battles, military strategy, strength of troops, technology, and resources determined which side would emerge victorious. Despite early defeats, the Northern army prevailed. In April of 1865, the Southern army surrendered.

You will be assigned topics that reflect factors that affected the outcome of the Civil War. Use what you have learned to write a Research Report in which you explore how technology and the availability and use of resources were integral components of the Northern and Southern strategies. To prepare your report, you will research how such strategies were implemented, especially in specific battles.

Look at the illustration below. Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.

These locomotive engines were produced by the U.S. Military Rail Road during the Civil War.

• What does this image suggest about transportation technology in the mid-19th century?
• How might strategic use of rail transport have contributed to the war effort?

Use the Daily Life through History articles listed on the right to research the military strategies, technologies, and resources used in the Civil War. Examine the Timeline. As you read, keep your assigned topic in mind. Remember that your report will need to include facts about how these elements were mobilized by both armies, referencing specific battles and events

Use the Main Idea and Details Chart to organize your information. In the large box, write Northern Army and Southern Army. In the boxes below, write details about their uses of resources, technologies, and strategy, for example, weapons or railroads.

Write your report. Remember to state a clear thesis that links key factors to the outcome of the Civil War. You may also choose to address the impact of additional factors, such as military organization, Southern nationalism, and notions of duty and honor.

Your teacher will use these questions to assess your performance:

• Did you state your thesis clearly?
• Did you ensure that your report is focused and logically organized
• Did you include historical facts and supporting details?
• Did you follow rules of grammar and style?